Victims are disqualified if they are physically disabled, related to a Brahmin, or—critically—if they are " not willing to die " through the ritual.

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: It is believed to have been composed in or near Kamarupa (modern Assam) around the 9th or 10th century under the patronage of Dharmapala. PDF Resources

It details both vegetarian and non-vegetarian offerings. While famously associated with animal sacrifice, it also mentions “vegetarian bali”

Themes and symbolic meanings

Ethical and social readings Modern readers often find passages that mention animal or even human sacrifice troubling. Historically, the Purana functioned in societies where ritual killing (whether symbolic or actual) played complex roles in political display, social cohesion, and notions of reciprocity with divine powers. Many Shakta traditions long ago reinterpreted bloody rites symbolically—substituting offerings like pumpkins, coconuts, or red cloth—while retaining the theological point: confronting mortality to affirm life. Contemporary ethical engagement with Rudhir Adhyay thus often centers on reinterpretation and contextual understanding rather than literal replication.